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infrared spectral range (
0
.
01
. . .
10
cm
−
1
. So far a hypothesis has been
made that at early stage of the Universe existence, a phase transition
with formation of superstructure with a period of the order of
10
−
15
(characteristic length of weak interactions) took place. As a result of
such phase transition, finite dimension clusters performing translational,
respiratory, and axion oscillations were formed in vacuum. Therefore,
particles analogous to acoustic and optical photons which are characteristic
of complex crystal structures should exist in vacuum.
This paper analyzes properties of different types of bose-particles
present in material media and in vacuum. Vacuum bosons correspond to
oscillations of vacuum clusters due to softening of certain type oscillations
(modes) of initial vacuum and are analogous to soft modes of crystal
lattice dynamics which induce structural phase transitions in ferrielectric,
ferroelastic and multiferroic materials. This article analyzes the relationship
between energy and momentum (dispersion laws) for different types of
bosons and processes of non-elastic interaction between them including
the boson-photon conversion effect, which was analyzed before during
theoretical and experimental research [3, 4].
Bosons in material media.
Acoustic and optical phonons are known
bosons (quasi-particles) in crystals, their spectrum being determined by the
character of elastic interaction of atoms or ions forming a crystal lattice.
Polar oscillations of crystal lattices cause formation of hybrid electro-
mechanical waves. Respective bosons are called lattice polaritons [5, 6].
The dispersion law for polaritons in dielectric crystals is derived from
the analysis of the Maxwell equation:
rot
~E
=
−
∂ ~B
∂t
;
rot
~H
=
−
∂ ~B
∂t
;
div
~D
= 0;
div
~B
= 0
.
(1)
Solution (1) is sought in the form of transverse and longitudinal
electromagnetic waves:
~E
=
~E
0
exp
i
(
kr
−
ωt
)
.
(2)
In the case of cubic non-magnetic two-atom crystals for transverse
polaritons the following equation holds true:
div
~D
=
ε
0
, ε
(
ω
)
i
(
~k ~E
) = 0;
ε
(
ω
) =
ε
∞
ω
2
l
−
ω
2
ω
2
0
−
ω
2
;
~E
⊥
~k
;
(3)
ω
2
=
c
2
0
k
2
(
ω
2
0
−
ω
2
)
ε
∞
(
ω
2
l
−
ω
2
;
ω
2
±
=
ω
2
l
+
c
2
k
2
2
1
±
s
1
−
4
ω
2
0
c
2
k
2
(
ω
2
l
+
c
2
k
2
)
2
;
c
2
=
c
2
0
ε
∞
.
ISSN 1812-3368. Herald of the BMSTU. Series “Natural Sciences”. 2015. No. 1
37